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Timeouts and deadlines bound waiting and must cover the end-to-end operation, not just each retry separately.
Retry with backoff and jitter only when the error is retryable and the operation is safe to repeat. Limit attempts and total time. A timeout may hide a completed effect, so use idempotency or reconciliation where needed.
A circuit breaker stops or reduces calls after a configured failure threshold, then probes recovery. Its policy may use failure rates or windows rather than only consecutive failures.
Graceful degradation offers a defined reduced capability, such as a stale labeled read when allowed. Do not report a failed payment as successful just to avoid an error page.
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